Grain sorghum can take many shapes and sizes from a tightheaded, round panicle to an open, droopy panicle that can be short or tall. O seu nome comum e sorgo, e e tambem chamado milhozaburro 2 no brasil, mapira em mocambique e massambala em angola. Jan 29, 2009 sorghum, an african grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. Moench is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus sorghum family poaceae. Other names i andropogon sorghum andropogon sorghum l. To prevent crossing of cultivated sorghums with johnsongrass use. Sorghum, an african grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum sorghum. Sorghum is classified in north america according to its use as a grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, grass sorghum, broomcorn, or special purpose.
Grain sorghum comes in red, orange, bronze, tan, white, and black varieties. Selective pressure to increase sugar accumulation in certain varieties of the cereal crop sorghum bicolor is an excellent example of the latter. This variety has been in use for centuries as traditional medicinal. It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. View a sample region of chromosome 1 or select a region above. Worldwide, grain sorghum is today considered one of the four most important cereal grains used for human consumption. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, or shallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family poaceae and its edible starchy seeds. It can produce tillers adventitious stems originating from the plant base but not rhizomes. The release of genetically modified crops will expose transgenes to wild biotypes commonly found in east africa. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. Closeup of a fertile spikelet of an uncultivated strain. It is also used as biofuel crop and potential cellulosic feedstock.
Origin, history, morphology, production, improvement, and. The data was obtained by resequencing the genomes of the 44 sorghum bicolor lines representing the primary gene pool and spanning dimensions of geographic origin, enduse and taxonomic group i. Sorgo sorgrass chicken corn sudangrass johnsongrass sorghum almum grain sorghum. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730megabase sorghum bicolor l. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti.
Comparative analysis on the genetic relatedness of sorghum. The ideal temperature for sorghum germinai s all we sell in agriculture. Moench is indigenous to africa and is a member of the grass family poaceae and has high morphological variations deu and hamon 1994. Sorghum bicolor sorghum, common wild sorghum, grain sorghum. Integrated systems are under development to solve the seasonality problem, e. Moench, is an annual or shortterm perennial plant belonging to the same family poaceae as rice, wheat, and corn. Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, durra, jowari jowar, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used. Grain sorghum is one of four major types of sorghum bicolor. So to find out alternate uses for sorghum, breeding sweet sorghum is one strategy.
From the stem juice, ethanol can be produced which is a renewable source of energy. A subspecies of sorghum, shattercane sorghum bicolor ssp. Evaluation of fitness in f2 generations of africa biofortified sorghum. Sorghum bicolor is widely known from cultivation and naturalized in north america. A new reference genome for sorghum bicolor reveals high levels of. Sorghum is also planted for cattle fodder and other purposes. Simple sequence repeat ssr markers were used to characterize genetic diversity in 30 sorghum sorghum bicolor l. It is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries, although maize has to some extent replaced its use in southern africa. Consensus document on compositional considerations for new varieties of grain sorghum sorghum bicolor. The grain yields of the cultivars varied between 972. Biomass sorghum has the largest stature of all the sorghum varieties, reaching a height of 20 feet in a normal growing season. Breeding for sweet sorghum because of self sufficiency in rice, use of sorghum as human food is fast dwindling. Sorghum sudanense sorghum halepense sorghum xalmum sorghum bicolor. Moench accessions conserved in the national gene bank of botswana.
Moench cultivars were used in this study to find the high yielding cultivars. It is in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. The crop is a heat and drought tolerant, drylandadapted crop that is generally grown in marginal crop production areas. Sorghum grain is the fifth most important cereal in the world. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. Grain sorghum arrived in the americas about the middle of the nineteenth century. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Moench to different patterns of drought thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the academic degree of master of science of the faculty of agriculture rheinische friedrichwilhelmsuniversitat zu bonn submitted on 21. It is believed to have originated in africa, particularly in ethiopia and surrounding countries kimber, 2000. Sorghum originated in africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum sorghum bicolor includes widely diverse types of annual and perennial types.
This collection represents the three sorghum growing agroecological zones in the country. Sorghum is also used to help alleviate chronic pain, and an extract from the leaf base was shown to have central antinociceptive properties. Sorghum bicolor is an important crop providing food and fodder in the semiarid tropics of the world. Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, durra, jowari, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for.
The sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses. Whetherthe enterprise is corn, cattle, cauliflower, cotton, or grain sorghum water is essential for its production and the r to texas, and its ability to yield consistently in harsh environments makes it popular with growers. Original article genetic variation of sorghum sorghum. One of the few grains that can be used as a wheat substitute in glutenfree recipes and products, this is an important food crop in africa, central america, and south asia, and is the fifthmost important cereal crop grown in the world. Sorghum bicolor is about a species, titled as scientific name, and i think a natural focus for botanical interest, whereas commercial sorghum is about use, which is identifiably different, and furthermore does include other species if fractionally. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Red, orange or bronze sorghum are very versatile and can be used in all segments of the sorghum industry.
Sorghum bicolor is a annual growing to 5 m 16ft 5in at a fast rate. Sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using wholegenome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. Moench sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. Origin, history, morphology, production, improvement, and utilization of broomcorn sorghum bicolor l. The gene complement of sorghum among 34,496 sorghum gene models, we found,27,640 bona fide proteincoding genes by combining homologybased and ab initio.
Sorghum has many types of cultivated varieties, such as grain genotypes, fodder, fiber and sugar genotypes and dual purpose genotypes. The current genome assembly displayed at sbgdb is version jgi sbi1. The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. An sorghum bicolor in nahilalakip ha genus nga sorghum, ngan familia nga poaceae. Germplasm type, inbred line parent of hybrid cultivar. Moench cultivars and lines as sweet, dual purpose, and grain types article pdf available in journal of tropical agriculture 461 january. Media in category sorghum bicolor the following 106 files are in this category, out of 106 total. Reproduced from the series plant resources of southeast asia, by kind permission of the prosea foundation, bogor, indonesia. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice.
The comprehensive treatment of this complex by snowden 1936 defined 7 weedy, wild, and 28 cultivated species and numerous varieties and forms from. These test guidelines apply to all varieties of sorghum bicolor l. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. In order to get an overview on the genetic relatedness of sorghum sorghum bicolor landraces and cultivars grown in lowinput conditions of smallscale farming systems, 46 sorghum accessions derived from southern africa were evaluated on the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism aflps, random amplified polymorphic dnas rapds and simple sequence repeats ssrs. In this study, we tested dried sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths sbls domesticated from a wild variety that is native to west africa. It continues to be a leading cereal grain in most areas of africa. Sorghum is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries. All about sorghum the united sorghum checkoff program united. Moench in serbia broomcorn in south eastern europe see is part of an important niche. I think that confusion could result from the conflation of statements on the specific and.
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